Projectile.



H. W. SHON PROJECT! 11.50 OCT. 3

. APPLICAT I 911. 1,292, 1 O8 Patented Jan. 21, 1919.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. i

HAROLD W. SHONNARD, OF UPPER MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO CRUCIBLE STEEL COMPANY OF AMERICA, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A. CORPORATION OF JERSEY.

PROJECTILE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J all. 21, 1919.

Application filed October 3, 1917. Serial No. 194,609.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HAROLD W. SHONNARD, residing at Upper Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, citizen of the United States, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Projectiles, of which improvement the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a capped projectile wherein the cap is firmly attached to the projectile in such manner as to resist relative movements in all directions and also by means which will not impair the strength of the projectile. A fur ther object is to provide a method of securely attaching a cap to a projectile without injuring the projectile during the time the cap is being applied, or rendering the projectile susceptible of injury during any other step in the course of its manufacture.

In the accompanying sheet of drawings which form part of my specification I have illustrated the preferred embodiment of my invention. Figure 1 is a longitudinal central sectional View of a cap applied to the nose of a projectile; Fig. 2 an enlarged sectional view through a point of connection of the cap to the projectile showing a step in the course of effecting such connection; Fig. 3 a view similar to Fig. 2 showing the completed connection; and Fig. 4 a view similar to Fig. 3 showing a modification in construction.

In the practice of my invention I provide the surface of the projectile 1 with a suitable number of shallow concave depressions 2, and the skirt 3 of the cap 4 with a corresponding number of holes 5 adapted to register with the depressions 1n the projectile when the cap is applied thereto. With the holes and depressions thus registering a metal stud 6 is placed in each hole and expanded therein by means of pressure applied to the outer end of the stud as by a riveting hammer or otherwise. The studs may be made of any suitable metal such as soft steel, and may be heated before being expanded or may be expanded without being heated. The length of each stud is preferably such that, when it is expanded in a projectile depression 2 and the inwardly enlarged portion of a hole 5, the outer end of the stud is substantially flush w1th the finishing line of the soft metal cap, such finishing line being indicated in the drawings by the dotted line 7. To prevent the outer ends of the studs from becoming fiattened during the expanding operation, the walls of the caps may be thickened adjacent to the holes 5, as indicated in Fig. 2.

The holes 5 in the cap are preferably reentrant or inwardly enlarged, as indicated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, but they may be substantially cylindrical, as indicated in Fig. 4, it being only necessary that the holes in the cap be of such shape that the expansion of the studs in the holes will hold the studs in place.

By making the depressions 2 shallow and of concave form, the portions of the studs expanded therein will not exert a shearing or spalling strain upon the metal of the projectile at the outer edge of the depressions as would be the case if the depressions were deep, or if they were of reentrant or partially convex form. The stress resisting the removal of the cap is confined almost entirely to-a shearing stress upon the point of their maximum expanded diameters. Further advantages incident to the use of shallow concave depressions are that the projectile does not become weakened by removal of substantial amounts of metal, and the absence of sharp corners in the metal of the projectile eliminates the liability of cracking" during the projectile-hardening process. It is also characteristic of my invention that, if the studs are heated before being expanded, the relatively small amount of heat required is not suificient to draw the temper from, or otherwise affect the physical properties of the metal of the projectile, as is liable to happen when a cap is secured to a projectile by weld or solder connections.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination of a projectile having the surface of its nose provided with a plurality of shallow concave depressions, a cap having its skirt provided with a plurality of reentrant holes registering with said depressions, and metal studs expanded within said holes and depressions.

2. The herein described method of attaching a cap to a projectile, which consists of providing the nose surface of the projectile with a plurality of shallow concave depressions and the skirt of the cap with a plurality of holes registering with the depres- I v copies of thil patent may be obtained- (or sions projectile when the cap" is ap plied thereto, and expanding studs within such registering depressions and holes by "means of pressure applied to the outer ends of the studs.

7 3. The herein described inethod of atteeh ing a, cap to a-projectile, which consists of providing the nose surface of the projectile with a plurality of shallow eoncavedepressions and the skirt of the cap with a plurality of rentrant holesregistering with "the depi'essions the projectile when the soap is applied thereto, and expanding studs Within-such registering depressions and holes by means of pressure'appliedto the outer ends 15 r of the studs.

In testimony whereof I. have hereunto set my hand. 7 V V l HAROLD 'W. SHONNARD. Witnesses: V I GEO; VL JAMES, F. W. WACHTERQT five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner 61 Patents Washington, 1pc." V r Y 

